Physico-chemical Characterization of Comorian Household Waste for Energy Recovery
Malik El’Houyoun Ahamadi*, Ali Mmadi, Ahamada Mohamed,
Soulé Hamidou, Badria Soulé Ali, Abdou Samioun Soulaïmana
Introduction
The Comoros is a country where environmental degradation is a matter of great concern, the effects of which are becoming increasingly visible [1]. The phenomenon can be observed in several sectors of the country, with the waste sector being one of the most visible in recent decades. Mountains of garbage can be seen everywhere in the streets of the country’s cities, and the phenomenon is even spreading to the villages. On average, a Comorian produces between 0.3 and 0.6 kg of waste per day [2], which, taking into account the average number of people in a Comorian household (5 people [3]), means that between 1.5kg and 3kg of waste is produced per household per day. Added to this are the energy problems of which the population is the first victim, particularly low-income citizens who cannot afford autonomous energy systems.

The waste used in this study is kitchen waste. It consists of starch peelings, green bananas and breadfruit. Starchy foods, bananas and breadfruit are the mainstay of the Comorian diet, and most prepared menus are a mixture of these foods. As a result, Comorian kitchen garbage cans often contain a mixture of peelings from these foods. The waste was collected directly from households in their garbage state and brought back to the laboratory for analysis.
For the three samples studied, the moisture content varies between 77% and 82%. This is in line with the results obtained by Katarzyna et al [11] and Fisgativa et al [12], who show that food waste has a moisture content of between 60% and 90%. Many other studies show that the moisture content of household waste is between 66% and 93% [9,43,44,45]. Particular attention is drawn to the results obtained by Blissbern et al [9], on the characterization of kitchen waste in Ghana. This waste consists of starch peelings and vegetable scraps, which are very similar to the types of waste studied in the present work.
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